Since the characteristics of the biological bases for the use of humic fertilizers and phytohormones are of great importance in determining their action, it seems important to us to consider the influence of their different forms and doses on the biological activity of the soil under corn crops for a more complete assessment of the agronomic efficiency of the studied fertilizers.
Microbiology has accumulated a huge amount of material indicating that various microorganisms, due to their physiological characteristics, require different environmental conditions for their development. Therefore, it was natural to assume that the use of phytohormones and leonardite in different doses and forms (liquid and solid) would cause significant changes both in the composition of individual microorganism communities and in their biochemical activity.
Although these changes, in turn, will also depend on the characteristics of the plants for which these fertilizers are applied.
Research results
The results of studies of the influence of doses and forms of humic fertilizer Adept "Agro.Bio" and leonardite on the development of individual physiological groups of microorganisms in the soil under corn crops are presented in Table 1.
| Experience options | The number of microorganisms in thousands per 1 g of dry soil | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total amount per agar | Mushrooms | Actinomycetes | Aerobic celluloses | Nitrifying bacteria | |
| July 20 No fertilizers | 14000 | 32 | 310 | 9 | 3.8 |
| Leonardite 2 t/ha | 420000 | 54 | 440 | 410 | 68.0 |
| Leonardite 0.8 t/ha | 154000 | 48 | 370 | 153 | 26.5 |
| Leonardite 0.8 t/ha with potassium humate fertilizer "Agro.Bio" | 282000 | 57 | 320 | 216 | 48.0 |
| Adept "Agro.Bio" preparation 0.005% solution 1 liter per nest | 318000 | 56 | 190 | 73 | 11.0 |
| Water 1 l in the nest | 61000 | 5 | 130 | 15 | 7.8 |
Microorganisms growing on agar developed intensively in the soil when using all studied forms and combinations of humic fertilizers.
The maximum development of microflora associated with the processes of humus development was achieved in soil samples fertilized with two tons of leonardite.
Recalculation of the total number of microorganisms per unit of organic matter and nitrogen shows that the soil fertilized with a higher dose of leonardite (2 t/ha) is populated significantly more densely than other variants with different doses (Table 2).
| Experience options | per 1 g of soil | per 1 g of organic matter | per 1 mg of nitrogen |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 20 No fertilizers | 14 | 654 | 5 |
| Leonardite 2 t/ha | 420 | 16535 | 153834 |
| Leonardite 0.8 t/ha | 154 | 7000 | 56 |
In this case, an increase in the total number of microflora enhances, judging by the accumulation of water-soluble fractions of humus, the processes of its mineralization (Table 3).
| Experience options | Total carbon (according to Tyurin) to the weight of dry soil, % | Per 100 g of dry soil, g humic acids (by C) | Per 100 g of dry soil, g of water-soluble humus substances (by C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Without fertilizers | 2,130 | 0.0926 | 0,01762 |
| Leonardite 2 t/ha | 2,544 | 0.3407 | 0.03066 |
| Leonardite 0.8 t/ha | 2,217 | 0.1462 | 0.02584 |
| Adept "Agro.Bio" preparation 0.005% solution 1 liter per nest | 1,987 | 0.0936 | 0,01760 |
The enhancement of humus utilization processes when using different doses and forms of humic fertilizers for corn has a certain effect on the energy of biochemical processes (Table 4).
| Experience options | NO 3 per 100 g of soil, mg (tillering) | NO 3 per 100 g of soil, mg (milk ripeness) |
|---|---|---|
| Without fertilizers | 13.63 | 21.44 |
| Leonardite 2 t/ha | 52,72 | 29.57 |
| Leonardite 0.8 t/ha | 37.86 | 32.95 |
| Adept "Agro.Bio" preparation 0.005% solution 1 liter per hole | 16.81 | 20.56 |
Under favorable conditions for the process, the greatest amount of nitrates accumulated in soil samples fertilized with leonardite.
The Adept “Agro.Bio” preparation activated nitrification processes in the early period of corn development.
Thus, it is quite obvious that the significant influence exerted by the studied doses and forms of humic fertilizers on the processes of humus development with the formation of oxidized mineral compounds is determined.
Studies determining the microbiological basis for the use of the new drug Adept Agro.Bio have shown the high agronomic efficiency of humic fertilizers.
Conclusions
- The use of humic fertilizers in solid and liquid form has a significant impact on the course and activity of microbiological processes in gray forest soils.
- Leonardite in doses of one and two tons per hectare is the most active in affecting the processes of mobilization of plant root nutrition substances.
- The use of humic fertilizers significantly increases the biochemical activity of agronomically valuable groups of microorganisms. The preparation Adept "Agro.Bio" 0.005-percent solution of 1 liter per nest remains the most expedient from an economic point of view.